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Symphytum officinale plant3/17/2023 ![]() ![]() Note: Ornamental, folk medicine, cultivated for forage.ĮFlora Treatment Author: Ronald B. Fruit: nutlets 1-4, ovoid tip +- incurved scar at base, +- flat with thick, ring-like, minute-toothed rim.Įtymology: (Greek: growing together, from putative healing properties) Toxicity: Seeds, herbage TOXIC to humans, livestock from pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Flower: calyx deep-lobed, bristly, expanded in fruit corolla bell- to +- urn-shaped, throat expanded above tube, appendages 5, alternate stamens, at same level at anthers, lance-linear to lanceolate, papillate stamens attached on upper tube style exserted. Inflorescence: terminal or axillary, generally peduncled, coiled. Leaf: generally cauline, sharp-bristly lower petioled upper short-petioled to sessile blade lanceolate to ovate, base decurrent or not. Stem: ascending to erect, internodes winged or not, sharp-bristly. Habit: Perennial herb root thick, carrot-like. It features large, pointed, dark green leaves up to 8 inches long that have a coarse, hairy texture. The plant grows slightly taller than it is wide. It also can be a nice addition to a wildflower garden and container plantings. Matt Guilliams, Kristen Hasenstab-Lehman, David J. How to grow Blackwort, Comfrey and other Symphytum Plants. Comfrey ( Symphytum officinale) is a perennial flower that grows in clumps naturally along riverbanks and in grasslands. Matt Guilliams, Kristen Hasenstab-Lehman & Ronald B. 2016) supports segregation, for our flora, of the families Ehretiaceae, Heliotropiaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Lennoaceae, and Namaceae.ĮFlora Treatment Author: Michael G. Note: Sometimes still treated in broader sense of TJM2 (e.g., APG IV 2016 Bot J Linn Soc 181:1-20), but recent evidence (Luebert et al. Toxicity: Many genera may be TOXIC from pyrrolizidine alkaloids or accumulated nitrates. Genera In Family: +- 90 genera, +- 1600-1700 species: mostly temperate, especially western North America, Mediterranean some cultivated ( Borago, Echium, Myosotis, Symphytum). Fruit: nutlets 1-4, when > 1, all similar (often called "homomorphic") or 1 or 2 dissimilar in size and/or shape from the others (often called "heteromorphic"), free (fused), smooth to roughened, prickly or bristly or not. Flower: bisexual, generally radial sepals 5, free or fused at least at base corolla 5-lobed, salverform, funnel-shaped, rotate, or bell-shaped, appendages (often called "fornices") 0 or 5 at top of tube, when present often differentially pigmented, alternate stamens stamens epipetalous ovary superior, 4-lobed, style 1, entire or minutely 2-lobed (2-branched). Inflorescence: cymes, arranged singly or in groups of 2-5, generally coiled in flower, generally elongating in fruit. Leaf: basal and/or cauline, simple, generally alternate, sometimes opposite, especially at base. Habit: Annual, perennial herb, or shrub, often bristly or sharp-hairy. ![]()
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